View source for Audacity Projects/fr

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Projet Audacity}}
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<div class="intro">
Les fichiers de projet Audacity conservent les informations relatives à l'ensemble du projet comme le nombre de pistes et leur positionnement dans le temps, les détails des [[Audacity Tracks and Clips/fr|clips]] à l'intérieur des pistes, les [[Envelope Tool/fr|points de l'enveloppe d'amplitude]], les [[Label Tracks/fr|étiquettes]] et les données de '''''[[Glossary/fr#gain|gain]]''''' et de '''''[[Glossary/fr#pan|panoramique]]'''''.
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<div id="AUP"></div>
== Qu'est ce qu'un projet Audacity ==

Les fichiers de projet Audacity conservent les informations à propos des pistes, des étiquettes et des autres données du projet. Un projet Audacity consiste en un fichier de projet '''''[[Glossary/fr#aup|AUP]]''''' et son dossier _data associé qui contient de nombreux petits fichiers audio '''''[[Glossary/fr#au|AU]]''''' dans les sous-dossiers.  Un projet Audacity ne peux pas être lu dans un lecteur de média comme Windows Media Player ou iTunes. Pour obtenir des fichiers audio lisibles, il faut <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Export...|Exporter]]</span> le projet Audacity vers des fichiers '''''[[Glossary/fr#wav|WAV]]''''', '''''[[Glossary/fr#mp3|MP3]]''''' ou équivalent.

Audacity peut améliorer la rapidité de traitement, et économiser de la place, en référençant des fichiers audio externes plutôt que d'en faire une copie (''ceci dépend des paramètres que vous avez dans vos Préférences pour l'''[[Import / Export Preferences/fr|Import/Export]], ''voir'' [[#Dependencies|Dépendances]] ''plus bas''). Notez précieusement que votre projet ne fonctionnera plus si vous renommez, déplacez, effacez ou écrivez par dessus le(s) fichier(s) audio original(aux) dont il dépend.

Les projets Audacity contiennent des clips audio arrangés en pistes. '''La structure du projet est :'''
#Un '''fichier projet''' - le nom du projet suivi par ".aup", par exemple  "'''ma_chanson.aup"'''
#Un '''dossier _data''' avec le même nom que le projet et dans le même dossier que le fichier '''''[[Glossary/fr#aup|AUP]]''''', par exemple "'''ma_chanson_data"'''
#À l'intérieur de ce dossier _data, une structure de sous-dossier avec plusieurs petits fichiers '''''[[Glossary/fr#au|AU]]''''' qui sont des portions de l'enregistrement ''
#Les données additionnelles sont conservées permettant a Audacity de gérer l'affichage graphique des formes d'onde et de transporter les liens vers n'importe quel fichier audio externe utilisé par le projet.''
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The project file describes how Audacity links these '''''[[Glossary/fr#au|AU]]''''' files together to make up the clips and tracks in the project; it also contains gain, pan and envelope information.  The AUP file is in XML format and can be opened in a text editor if required. The AU files are stored in a '''''[[Glossary/fr#lossless|lossless]]''''', '''''[[Glossary/fr#uncompressed_format|uncompressed]]''''' format. Their default size is 1 MB or less.  This Audacity Project Format is designed to make editing audio faster in Audacity.  By updating individual AU files during editing, Audacity can change audio or move audio around in the project without copying large quantities of data from one place to another.

Audacity's project format is not compatible with any other audio program. When you '''Save''' an Audacity project, it is saved in the '''''[[Glossary/fr#audacity_project_format|Audacity Project Format]]''''' ;  an '''''[[Glossary/fr#aup|AUP]]''''' file cannot be played using an '''''[[Glossary/fr#mp3|MP3]]''''' player.

<div class="note">The four '''rules for keeping your Audacity Project happy:'''
<ol>
<li>When importing an uncompressed audio file with the "Read uncompressed file directly from the original (faster)" option checked in [[Import / Export Preferences/fr]] '''never move, rename or delete that file''' unless you first copy it into the Audacity project. See <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Check Dependencies...|File > Check Dependencies]]</span> for more information.</li>
<li>'''Never''' move, delete or rename any of the files or folders inside the _data folder.</li>
<li>'''Never''' rename the AUP file or the _data folder.</li>
<ul style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none">
If you want to rename your project (for example, to save a snapshot at a particular point), use the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Save Project As...|File > Save Project As...]]</span> command.</ul>
<li>'''Always''' keep the AUP file and the _data folder together in the same directory (folder).</li>
</ol></div>

==Opening an Audacity project==

When opening an Audacity project always use the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Open...|File > Open]]</span> command to open the '''''<my_project_name>''.aup'''.  Do not attempt to open, import or manipulate any individual '''AU''' files. 
<br><br>
Audio for use in Audacity, but which was not recorded in Audacity, will need to be imported using <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Import|File > Import]]</span> or <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Open...|File > Open]]</span>.  ''The Import command is used to import audio data into an already open project, whereas the Open command used on an external audio file will either open a new Audacity project, and import the audio data into it, if the current project already contains any tracks; or import the audio data into the current project if contains no tracks.''


<div id="dependencies"></div>

== Dependencies ==

Depending on the [[Import / Export Preferences/fr|Import/Export Preferences]] settings, when an uncompressed audio file such as '''''[[Glossary/fr#wav|WAV]]''''' or '''''[[Glossary/fr#aiff|AIFF]]''''' is imported or opened, Audacity may save time by not making a copy of the file and in that case will refer externally to the original file as it manipulates the audio data within the project (while not ever making any changes to that audio file unless it is told to do so).

On the first use of the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Import|File > Import > Audio]]</span> command to import un-compressed audio, the preference is set to "copy in" and a dialog is presented explaining the difference between copy-in and read-directly and asking which method should be used. See [[Warnings Preference/frs#uncompressed| Warnings Preferences]] for an example of the warning dialog.


When a project is saved, and the "faster" option has been chosen in [[Import / Export Preferences/fr|Import/Export Preferences]], Audacity will display a dialog box showing these dependencies and give the option of copying all of the audio data into the project making it independent of external audio files and making it safe to delete, move or modify the original audio files if necessary.  The [[Projects Preferences/fr]] settings can be modified so that Audacity will not ask but will always either ''"never copy"'' the dependent audio files, or ''"always copy"'' them into the project on exit from Audacity.
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At any time it is possible to click on <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr|File]] >  [[File Menu/fr#Check Dependencies...|Check Dependencies...]]</span> to see if the project depends on any [[Dependencies Dialog/fr|external files]].

=== Import settings: "faster" versus "safer" ===

There are two settings available to control the manner in which the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Import|File > Import]]</span> command operates.  

'''The faster option:''' When this option is selected Audacity can use its [[On-Demand Loading/fr|On-Demand Loading]] to operate faster and save disk space.  Import of the audio will usually be faster, but Audacity will depend on the audio file remaining accessible and having the same name and location as when you imported it. The audio file is not actually '''imported''' or '''copied''' into the project in this case, rather it is accessed as an external file by Audacity. 

'''The safer option:''' This is the more secure option to choose, meaning that Audacity will always have its own copy of imported files to work with. Choose this option if the Audacity project file is required to be opened on another computer, or to be sent to someone else. ''This option need not be chosen if an '''exported''' audio file like an '''''[[Glossary/fr#mp3|MP3]]''''' or '''''[[Glossary/fr#wav|WAV]]''''' file is to be sent to someone else.''

<div class="alert">It is important to understand the implications of using the [[Import / Export Preferences/fr|faster]] import setting;  if this is selected then it is crucial that any uncompressed audio file on which your project depends is not moved, deleted or renamed.  If plenty of disk space is available and the time taken to make the full import is not an issue, then  it is strongly recommended that this Preference be set to the [[Import / Export Preferences/fr|safer]] option.  This way the project will then always remain independent of external audio files.</div>

<div id="save"></div>

== Saving an Audacity Project ==

Saving an Audacity project lets you save unfinished work and re-open it later in Audacity exactly as it was, with all edits and recorded/imported tracks preserved.  When saving an Audacity project always use the <span class="menu">[[File Menu#Save Project |File > Save Project]]</span> or the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Save Project As...|File > Save Project As...]]</span> command to open the '''''<my_project_name>''.aup'''.

There is no need to save a project, unless required, as it is possible to work with temporary project files and then just Export the required audio files. If the project is not saved, the necessary audio data is stored in the temporary folder specified in the [[Directories Preferences/fr|Directories]] section of Preferences until exiting the program. At that point, Audacity offers the choice of saving a project or not. 

The temporary folder uses the same format as the _data folder that you get when you Save a project.  In addition to being the working folder for an un-saved project, the temporary folder is also used for the autosave file from which the project can be automatically recovered if your computer crashed while recording or editing an Audacity project. 

Some benefits of saving a project:
* No need to re-import or re-record files
* Fast loading, even of multiple long tracks
* Audio data always preserved in lossless quality. This is useful if you have already exported to a lossy audio format like MP3 but decide to edit the project further. Editing and re-exporting the project saves the additional quality loss of re-editing the previously exported MP3. 


<div id="export"></div>

== Exporting Audio ==

Neither the .aup project file or the .au files in the _data folder can be used in other programs or devices. To use the project's audio outside Audacity, choose <span class="menu">File > [[File Menu/fr#export|Export...]]</span> which brings you to the [[File Export Dialog/fr|File Export]] dialog. Here you can choose  from various standard audio file formats according to your purpose. The two most common formats which can be played almost anywhere are
* '''''[[Glossary/fr#wav|WAV]]:'''''  a '''''[[Glossary/fr#lossless|lossless]]''''' format giving perfect quality, ideal for burning to [[Audio CDs/fr]]
* '''''[[Glossary/fr#mp3|MP3]]:''''' a '''''[[Glossary/fr#lossy|lossy]]''''' format, but small enough to send over the internet or store on portable devices. 

To export as MP3, don't forget to add the [[LAME MP3/fr|LAME MP3]] library to your computer. Add the [[FAQ:Installation and Plug-Ins/fr#ffdown|FFmpeg]] library to your computer to export to '''''[[Glossary/fr#aac|AAC]]''''' or '''''[[Glossary/fr#wma|WMA]]''''' which are used in iTunes and Windows Media Player respectively.



<div id="move"></div>

== How to move an Audacity Project ==
Moving Audacity projects can be tricky due to their complex structure as described above.  Any project can be moved on the same computer by making a copy of the project with the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Save Project As...|Save Project As...]]</span> command.

===Simple Projects===
For a simple single track project (''that does not have gain or pan settings, or use an envelope to adjust the volume'') one possible solution is to not to move the project. Instead, use the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr|File]] >  [[File Menu/fr#Export...|Export]]</span> command to export a WAV file. This WAV file can then be copied to another computer, then the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr|File]] >  [[File Menu/fr#Import|Import]]</span> command can be used to load the WAV file into an Audacity project. Alternatively the WAV file can be sent by e-mail or via a file sharing web site to someone else who can import it into an Audacity project on their computer.

===Complex Projects===
For a project that has multiple tracks, or a single-track project that has gain or pan settings or uses an envelope to adjust the volume of  the track, the entire project will need to be moved. To do that it is necessary to move the AUP file '''''<my_project_name>.AUP''''' and the _data folder '''''<my_project_name>_data''''' either to a second computer or to a different location on the existing computer. Ensure that the .aup file and _data folder remain together in the same folder. 

As noted above, any project can be moved to a different location ''on the same computer'' using the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr#Save Project As...|Save Project As...]]</span> command.

If you want to move a project to a different computer the project must not depend on external audio files. Use the <span class="menu">[[File Menu/fr|File]] >  [[File Menu/fr#Check Dependencies...|Check Dependencies...]]</span> command to check whether the project depends on any external files.  If it does, the dialog box will give you the option to make a copy of those files within the project.  

It can be difficult to e-mail complex projects to other users; to do so it is necessary to zip up the entire project structure and e-mail or share that zip file.  The reason for zipping up the project is to make sure the project structure remains intact during the transfer, not to save space. A zip archive of a project is likely to be about 10% smaller than the unzipped project.

<div class="note">
External files have absolute references in the AUP file and thus it is difficult to move an Audacity project that depends on external files to another computer but relatively easy to move a project to a different location on the same computer.  See this article in the Wiki on [http://wiki.audacityteam.org/wiki/Sending_your_work_to_others Sending your work to others].
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