Audacity Selection

Peter 27Feb13: ToDo-2 Review this page. Should we consider moving the section currently H3 titled "It is possible to change which tracks are selected and the selected time range independently" further down the page, probably into the Selecting using the keyboard section. Or even moving the whole Special characteristics of audio selection further down the page as to me it gets in the way of the "meat" of this page which is (or should be) "How do I select ... ?"

• Gale 02Mar13: Independent tracks and range selection isn't solely keyboard use, so should not be moved into that, in spite of the duplication between sections. Yes I felt the page takes a long time to get started too (which is good for first time readers but not returning readers). That was why I added the FAQ How do I select audio in one track? and the FAQ underneath it.

Peter: Also I think this page is far too long (leading to TLDR) so I think it is a further candidate for breaking into a landing page with selected sub-pages for some of the detail e.g. the Snap-to Guides and the Selection Format sections.
A custom TOC for the major sections would probably help too. Thoughts?

• Gale 02Mar13: Really Selection Toolbar belongs in "Selecting using the keyboard" (it's fundamental to that) and only the Selection Formats section of it is also for sighted users. I think it might work to split off Selection Fornats given Selection Toolbar already has a page of its own that covers much of what is here. And yes I guess it's looking like the section down to "Selecting regions using the mouse" could actually be a landing page for split sections. I also think "Selecting while audio is playing" might just as well go in my new "Listening to the selection" section.

Audacity's ability to select precise parts of a sound for editing makes it a very powerful editing tool.

Special characteristics of audio selection

In a word processor, most operations are performed by selecting a range of text (usually with the mouse), then choosing some option from a toolbar or menu, for example to cut the text, or make it bold. Audacity works much the same way; most operations are performed by selecting audio with the mouse and then applying some operation.

Audacity selections can be more complicated than word processor selections, though. In Audacity, the selection involves a set of selected tracks, and then a range of time within those selected tracks. This is because sometimes you might want to select multiple tracks so that any changes you make apply to all of them, but other times you might want to affect the tracks individually. In either case, you may or may not want the edits to apply to the whole time range of the tracks.

Normally, you select both the tracks and the time range simultaneously, by clicking and dragging. For example, to create the selection in the image below, make sure you're using Selection tool , click in the track just after 2.0 seconds in the first track, then drag rightwards to just after 5.0 seconds as displayed on the Timeline, then downwards so that the gray selection area now includes the second track:

Note that because the drag started in the first track and extended into the second track, only those two tracks are selected, as indicated by the darker gray color of the Track Control Panel. Therefore, any operation you perform will now only affect the selected area of the first two tracks.

Mac users: remember to substitute the Command key for the Control key.

Changing the selected time range

Once you have a selected time range you can move either edge of the selection so as to expand or contract the selected length, or you may want to expand the selection at one edge and contract it at the other so as to select a similar length in a slightly different place.

To move either edge of the selection, Audacity offers multiple methods.

• Move the mouse pointer to one of the edges of the selection until it changes to the "finger with pointing hand". Click and drag to move that edge of the selection.
• Hold SHIFT while clicking near one of the edges of the selection to extend or contract the selection to the time point you clicked on.
• Hold SHIFT while pressing LEFT or RIGHT to extend the selection from the left or right edge respectively.
• Hold CTRL + SHIFT while pressing LEFT or RIGHT to contract the selection from the right or left edge respectively.
• Use Selection Toolbar to precisely place the selection edges by entering their time positions.

Peter 27Feb13: I came to this page today as I need to learn how to make selections of multiple tracks which were non-adjacent (for the Sync-Lock documentation). From very careful reading I was finally able to infer how to do this. My initial thought was to seach on the page for "multiple" and "adjacent" neither of these led me directly to what I was searching for.
Hence to provide a little clarity, and a possible landing point, for future readers looking for what I was searching for I have:

• added a note div below,
• switched the ordering putting track selection ahead of changing the time range as I figured that was the more important of the two,
• added an H3 for formatting reasons and to help draw the reader's eye to this sub-section.
  • Gale 02Mar13: I think moving an existing selection left/right in one track is more common, so I somewhat undid your change but kept the H3 idea. I have added text to address stumbling blocks which are a daily diet in my inbox.

    I think though we have to link to the Sync-Locked Tracks Group page here, to point out the advanced usage that you don't have to select all the tracks you want to affect.

Including or excluding the existing time range in other tracks

You can also change which tracks are selected independently of the time range, so that selecting an extra track includes the selected range in that track, and deselecting a selected track moves the selected range out of that track. This gives you complete flexibility to extend, contract or move the existing time range up or down between multiple tracks.

To change which tracks are selected without affecting the time range, there are multiple methods.

• Hold SHIFT while clicking on the Track Control Panel to the left of the waveform to toggle its selectedness.
• Press UP or DOWN to change the focused track, then press Enter to toggle its selectedness.
• Hold SHIFT while pressing UP or DOWN to extend or contract the selection up or down into adjacent tracks.

Use the first two of the above methods when you want to select or deselect non-adjacent tracks.

Note that it is possible to have a time range selected but no tracks selected. In that case, you will only see the evidence of the selected time range in the Timeline.

Listening to the selection

Audio editing is different from text editing in another way, too. With audio, it usually isn't obvious from the waveform what you want to select, so you really want to listen just to the left and right edges of a selection to make sure you are editing the correct part. Also because the purpose of multiple tracks is usually to mix them together as combined audio, by default the selected time range plays for all the visible tracks, selected or not. To change this you can mute or solo individual tracks in the Track Control Panel.

But if you are new to audio editing, don't worry. For now, you can just click and drag to create a selection on a single track, and press SPACE to listen to all of it. Come back here for more help when you start to work on more advanced projects and are having trouble selecting what you want.

There are several ways to select audio, some of which will be better for visually impaired users or those who have difficulty with the mouse. The following sections give details on the various ways you can make audio selections in Audacity, using either the mouse or the keyboard.

Let's examine the various ways to select audio...

Selecting regions using the mouse

The easiest way to select a region of audio is to click and drag. If it's not already selected, choose the Selection tool from Tools Toolbar, below:

Now click the left mouse button anywhere inside of an audio track, and click and drag to the other edge of your selection, and release. Some tips:

• You can drag from left to right or from right to left, it doesn't matter.
• You can start your selection in one track, and end it in another track, and both tracks (plus the tracks in-between) will all end up selected.
• If you move the mouse past the left or right edge of the window while dragging, Audacity will scroll the window in that direction as long as the mouse button is down.

To extend or contract an existing selection, hold down the SHIFT key while left-clicking the mouse. The nearest edge of the selection will jump to the current mouse pointer location. This is really useful if you know exactly what you want to select but it doesn't easily fit on the screen at once:

• Click at one edge of the selection
• Scroll until the other edge is in view
• Shift-click to set the other edge of the selection.

You can also extend or contract a selection by hovering the mouse near the edge of a selection, then clicking and dragging. When you hover close enough to the edge of a selection, the mouse pointer changes to a hand with pointing finger, indicating you can now click and drag the selection:

Do you find it annoying when Audacity drags the edges of a selection when you were trying to create a new selection in that area? No problem, you can turn off that feature! Open the Preferences, then click on the Tracks tab, and uncheck "Enable dragging of left and right selection edges".

Selecting tracks using the mouse

There are two very useful things you can do by clicking in the Track Control Panel to the left of a track - make sure that you click in a neutral area, not inside one of the buttons or sliders. See Audio Tracks for more about the Track Control Panel.

Clicking on a track's Track Control Panel will select the entire track. That's a very easy way to apply an effect to an entire track. If you want to select all tracks, you can alternatively choose Select All from the Edit menu.

There's another handy way to select an entire track or clip: just double-click inside it.

If you hold down the SHIFT key while left-clicking on a track's Track Control Panel, you can toggle the selectedness of that track. For example, if you want to select the first and third tracks only, you could choose Edit > Select > All and then shift-click on the middle track to deselect it while leaving the others selected.

If you deselect all tracks (by toggling selectedness off in all tracks or by clicking in the gray background underneath the bottom track in the project), any time region that was present will remain visible in the Timeline. This gives you a way to play this selection even though no tracks are selected.

Selecting using the keyboard

You can modify the selection entirely using the keyboard. The currently focused track is indicated with a glowing border, as you can see from the track called "Guest" in this image:

To change the focused track, just press Up Arrow or Down Arrow. In this image, we pressed down arrow to change focus to the "Bkgnd" track:

Once a track has focus, press Enter or Return to change it from being selected to not selected, or from not selected to selected.

Hold SHIFT while pressing UP or DOWN to extend or contract the selection up or down tracks.

To modify the selected time range:

• Hold SHIFT while pressing LEFT or RIGHT to extend the selection from the left or right edge respectively.

• Hold CTRL + SHIFT while pressing LEFT or RIGHT to contract the selection from the right or left edge respectively.

If you don't already have a selection, just a cursor, then pressing Left Arrow or Right Arrow will move the cursor. If you do have a selection, pressing the left arrow will take you to the beginning of the selection, and the right arrow will take you to the end.

If you put a checkmark in the  Snap To checkbox in Selection Toolbar, then you can use the keyboard as above to move the cursor or selection edge to the nearest second, hundredth of a second, CDDA frame or any chosen selection format.

Menu commands for selecting

Peter 27Feb13: ToDo-2 This table really needs extending with an additional column for the relevant keyboard shortcuts - but watch the width!
And would we want a D4 alternating colours type table as we recently settled on for the Edit Menu page?

• Gale 02Mar13: In principle no, as it would be identical in aim to the tables on Keyboard Shortcut Reference so arguably would follow their style. OTOH there is another table below it which is just shortcut and action which arguably could be D4. ATM I think not D4 for either, they are not basically custom TOC's-with-links are they, which is the Edit Menu purpose?

The Edit Menu has several commands that are useful for selecting.

Edit > Select command	Action
All	Select all tracks, including the entire content of audio tracks and note tracks.
None	Deselect all tracks, removing any selection they contain and setting the cursor at the start of the former selection region.
Left at Playback Position	Sets the left selection boundary at the current playback position, otherwise opens a dialog for moving the left selection boundary.
Right at Playback Position	Sets the right selection boundary at the current playback position, otherwise opens a dialog for moving the right selection boundary.
Start to Cursor	Select from the start of the track to the cursor position.
Cursor to End	Selection from the cursor position to the end of the track.
Region Save	Captures the currently selected time range or cursor position.
Region Restore	Restores the time range or cursor position from Region Save.
In All Tracks	Extend the current selection or cursor position up or down into all other tracks.
In All Sync-Locked Tracks	Extend the current selection or cursor position up or down into all other tracks which currently have the Sync-Lock icon.

Selecting while audio is playing

Sometimes the easiest way to select an exact portion of audio is to mark the selection boundaries while you're playing audio. To do this, press the [ shortcut to mark the left edge of the audio, and the ] shortcut to mark the right edge.

After you've done that, you'll definitely want to listen to the resulting selection to make sure it was right. Press SPACE to hear just the selection. There are additional keyboard shortcuts that let you listen to just the beginning or end of a selection - see Special Playback Keyboard Commands for details.

Selection Toolbar

One handy way to keep track of what you've selected and to make precise modifications is to use Selection Toolbar (shown above). For our purposes here, let's concentrate on the main purpose of the Toolbar, the Selection Start and End/Length boxes. By changing the radio button from "End" to "Length", you can display and control the length of the selection instead of the endpoint. Which one is useful for you depends on the circumstances: if you need a clip from a song that's exactly 30 seconds long, you may want to set the length to 30, and then modify the start until you have just what you want. Other times you may know the exact end time but need to figure out where to start, independent of the resulting length.

Selection Toolbar also displays and can move the cursor position without there being a region selected. To move the cursor to an exact position using Selection Toolbar, set the "Selection Start" and "End" boxes to the same value.

You can set the values displayed in the Selection Toolbar boxes using the mouse and/or keyboard. To change a particular digit in a box, click on it, or you can navigate to it using only the keyboard:

Key	Action
CTRL + F6	Move the focus to/from Selection Toolbar
TAB	Move between the Selection Toolbar controls
LEFT / RIGHT	Move cursor in a box or to/from End/Length
UP / DOWN	Increase or decrease the highlighted digit
BACKSPACE	Reset the last digit entered to zero

Once you have clicked on or navigated to a digit, it will highlight in white to show it is active. You can then increase/decrease its value using the mouse wheel or UP/DOWN, or type a new value over it:

After typing a value, the cursor automatically moves to the next digit along and selects it so that you can type the required values one after the other.

Selection Formats

By default, Selection Toolbar lets you enter values in units of hours, minutes and milliseconds. This is more than accurate enough for most purposes. However if you need for example to make a selection that is accurate to the nearest sample or is defined in CDDA or film frames, numerous other Selection Formats are available to represent time. To choose other formats, click on the triangle to right of any box, or select in or right-click over any of the digits in a box. This opens a context menu which lists the formats. Click to select the format required, then all three boxes will show the new format. For example, the image below shows the result after changing the format to samples:

For the technically minded, assuming the selection was exactly 30 seconds, Selection Toolbar above shows 1,323,000 samples because the sample rate of 44100 Hz means there are 44100 audio samples per second, so multiplying (44100) by the length in seconds (30) produces 1,323,000.

All the available Selection Formats are listed in the table below. It's okay if most of them don't mean anything to you. Most of them are intended for people using Audacity for very specific purposes, especially editing soundtracks for video, and those people will know which one they want.

Selection Format	Example	Notes
seconds	005,408 seconds
hh:mm:ss	01 h 30 m 08 s	Hours, minutes, seconds
dd:hh:mm:ss	00 days 01 h 30 m 08 s	Days, hours, minutes, seconds
hh:mm:ss + hundredths	01 h 30 m 08.51 s
hh:mm:ss + milliseconds	01 h 30 m 08.512 s
hh:mm:ss + samples	01 h 30 m 08 s + 22500 samples
samples	238,514,850 samples
hh:mm:ss + film frames (24 fps)	01 h 30 m 08 s + 12 frames
film frames (24 fps)	129,804 frames
hh:mm:ss + NTSC drop frames	01 h 30 m 08 s + 14 frames	American video format
hh:mm:ss + NTSC non-drop frames	01 h 30 m 03 s + 02 frames
NTSC frames	162,092 frames
hh:mm:ss + PAL frames (25 fps)	01 h 30 m 08 s + 12 frames	European video format
PAL frames (25 fps)	135,212 frames
hh:mm:ss + CDDA frames (75 fps)	01 h 30 m 08 s + 37 frames
CDDA frames (75 fps)	405,637 frames	Audio CD frames

Changing the Selection Format does not change the units displayed on the Timeline, which are always in hours, minutes, seconds and parts of seconds according to the current zoom level.

Snap-to Guides

Using Snap-to Guides, Audacity makes it really easy to make a selection that starts or ends at a physical boundary, like a label or clip boundary. This is distinct from the "Snap To" checkbox in Selection Toolbar which snaps selection edges (or the cursor) to a chosen unit of time.

For Snap-to Guides, when you take the following actions:

• Creating a selection with the mouse
• Modifying the selection boundaries
• Sliding / time-shifting a clip

the selection boundaries or the boundaries of the clip you're time-shifting will snap to the following locations:

• Time zero (0 on the Timeline)
• The start or end of any track or clip
• The start or end of any label

Whenever snapping is taking place, a yellow vertical line appears to indicate snapping is taking place. To err on the side of caution, if there is more than one logical place within a couple of pixels at which to snap, Audacity will not snap anywhere. In that case, zoom in.

In the image below, we're dragging a clip in the "Guest" track leftwards with the mouse. When the clip reaches the right-hand boundary of the clip above it, a yellow vertical guide line appears showing the position of the snap boundary through all the tracks. Now that the guide line has appeared, we can release the mouse and the dragged clip will be perfectly aligned with the one above:

A Snap-to Guide appears (the vertical yellow line) when the selection has snapped to the start or end of an audio clip from any of the tracks.

If there are two boundaries very close to one another and it's not obvious which one is better, Audacity will not snap to either. If you want to snap to one of them, zoom in so that you can clearly position the mouse closer to one than the other.

Label Tracks

A very useful way to recall particular selections is to label them in a label track. For more information, see Label Tracks.