Label Tracks/fr
- Can annotate selected regions of audio with text labels.
- The labels can be moved, modified or deleted.
- Labels can also define different points in an audio track. This is a convenient way to mark different tracks in a recording then export them to differently named audio files using
Contents
Création d'étiquettes
Supposez que vous ayez un enregistrement et que vous vouliez annoter les questions et les réponses de manière que vous puissiez facilement sauter, plus tard, directement à une question ou à une réponse particulière. Initialement vous pourriez avoir une image comme celle qui suit. Sans annotation il est pratiquement impossible de faire la différence en regardant uniquement l'onde de son.
Ici nous sélectionnons la première question avec la souris (en dessous). Ceci peut nécessiter d'écouter l'audio plusieurs fois afin de déterminer les limites exactes de la sélection.
Maintenant choisissez "Ajouter étiquette à la sélection" du menu Piste ou frapper son raccourci clavier ( CTRL+B sur Windows/Linux ou CMD+B sur Mac). Ceci va créer une nouvelle étiquette de piste délimitant la sélection courante (en dessous).
Le curseur est automatiquement positionné dans l'étiquette. Ainsi tapez le nom de l'étiquette et pressez Enter. En pressant Enter cela vous permet d'utiliser normalement n'importe quel Raccourci clavier courant, de sorte que vous puissiez frapper la touche espacement pour écouter à nouveau la sélection si vous le désirez. Dans l'image ci-dessous nous avons entré Question 1.
Après cette question vient la réponse de la personne étant interviewée. Nous allons choisir celle-là en débutant de la partie droite de la question et tirant vers la gauche. Notez que le guide jaune vertical apparaît lorsque l'on atteint le bord de la première étiquette, facilitant ainsi l'alignement des deux étiquettes (ci-dessous). Il est courant que la prochaine étiquette débute à l'endroit exact où se termine la précédente mais cela n'est pas nécessaire.
Encore une fois, choisissez "Ajouter étiquette à la sélection" pour créer la prochaine étiquette, tapez ensuite son nom et pressez Enter. Ensuite, dans la prochaine image, nous avons ajouté encore plus d'étiquettes.
Et voici la piste complète avec plusieurs étiquettes
Sélectionner une étiquette
Chaque fois que vous cliquez sur le titre d'une étiquette à l'intérieur de la piste des étiquettes, cela sélectionne cette étiquette ainsi que la partie audio correspondante dans toutes les pistes audio. Cela vous permet aussi d'éditer le nom de l'étiquette.
AppuyezTAB pour passer d'une étiquette à l'autre et SHIFT+TAB pour retourner.
Deleting labels
There are two ways to delete labels:
- Click on the label's title to select it, then press the Backspace key on your keyboard until the title is gone. Once the title is empty, press Enter or just press Backspace again to delete the label. Currently, it's also possible to delete a label by selecting a region over the label (be careful not to drag the selection up into the audio track as well), then . Both these methods will let any labels further to right retain their current position.
- You can also select a region extending over a number of labels then use (which copies the label to the clipboard) or . Note however that this method currently causes any labels to right to move backwards by the amount of the deleted selection region.
Another way to delete labels is to just remove the label track entirely and start again. Click in the track and then choose Remove Tracks from the Tracks menu, or alternatively click in the close box in the upper-left corner of that track.
Like everything in Audacity, any edits to label tracks can be undone.
Editing labels
You can change the time boundaries of a label by clicking and dragging the little handles on either side of each label. There are actually two handles on the side of each label, or three where two labels meet. The purpose of these is so that you can either adjust just one label, or two neighboring labels together.
At the junction where two labels meet, click and drag the center circle if you want to adjust both circles simultaneously. If you want to adjust just one label, click on the triangle corresponding to that label and the neighbor will be unaffected. This is illustrated in the image below. On the left we move two neighboring labels together by clicking on the center circle and dragging. On the right we move just the label on the right by clicking on the triangle on the right and dragging:
There is also a handy feature whereby you can select an area of text in a label, then right-click (control-click on a Mac) and cut or copy that text. This allows you to click in another label, right-click or control-click, then paste that text in. So in our example you could select and copy "Question" and then paste it into the appropriate labels without having to type that word every time.
Sometimes it's useful to edit multiple labels at once using a tabular view, similar to editing a spreadsheet. To do this, select Edit Labels from the Tracks menu, which brings up a dialog box showing all of your labels:
Use the arrow keys to move between cells. Handy buttons in the dialog let you insert or delete labels, or import and export labels to a file (see the section on importing and exporting below).
Linking labels with audio tracks
By default, label tracks in Audacity Beta are now linked to the audio tracks above them, and form a track group. A track group is defined as a set of one or more audio tracks above each other, followed by a set of one or more label tracks. This is a significant change in behavior from previous Audacity versions.
Linking means that labels now remain attached to their original point or region in the audio, even when changes are made to the track length (such as by cutting, pasting or changing the speed). Thus, an action performed in any label or audio track in the group has a corresponding effect in the other tracks in the group. For example, if a group consists of one audio track above one label track, deleting part of the audio track deletes that part of the label track, and deleting part of the label track deletes that part of the audio track.
In the following example, there are two track groups. The first group comprises Audio Tracks 1 and 2 followed by Label Tracks 1 and 2, and the second group comprises Audio Track 3 followed by Label Track 3:
Note in the image above, the highlighted selection region in the first track (from zero to six seconds on the Timeline) which extends either side of Label 1. That region is highlighted in only the first track because only the first track is selected, as shown by the different colour in the Track Panel. If we now the region, we end up with the following image, and get the same result no matter which of the first four tracks we select:
Note that because the audio and label tracks are linked, Label 1a is deleted, and Labels 1b and 2 both move backwards six seconds. Thus Label 1b remains attached to the quieter audio it relates to, while label 2 still remains remains two seconds in front of label 1b.
The following Audacity features also work with track groups:
- Inserting audio, whether through pasting or using the Generate effects, shifts all the grouped tracks correspondingly.
- Dragging any track in a track group with Time Shift Tool will also move the label, and any other tracks in the group.
- When using and , tracks remain synchronized. Slowing down a track inserts silence into the other linked tracks. Speeding up a track inserts silence into that track, to achieve the same result.
- Click the button with the chain link icon (see right) on the Edit Toolbar
- Click "Link Audio and Label Tracks" in the Tracks Menu.
To re-enable linking, click the button or menu item again. To disable linking of a particular audio track, click on its Track Panel, drag it downwards then drop it underneath the last label track in the project.
Adding labels while playing or recording
One of the easiest ways to create labels is while you're playing or recording. There's a separate command for this, Add Label at Playback Position, also in the Tracks menu, or you can press its keyboard shortcut, Ctrl+M. Note that despite the name of the command, it doesn't only work while playing an existing track; you can use it while recording a new one, too.
Note the difference between this and the previous command, Add Label at Selection. While playing or recording, both commands are useful. Use Add Label at Playback Position to mark the exact spot you're listening to, or use Add Label at Selection if you want to make selections to label with the mouse while you're simultaneously listening.
Importing and Exporting labels
Labels are saved whenever you create an Audacity project, of course. Sometimes it may be useful to use these labels in another program, for example if somebody wanted to know the timecode where each piece of an interview starts or stops. Audacity exports labels in a very simple text format, that looks something like this:
0.285874 6.098646 Question 1
6.098646 13.054914 Answer 1
13.054914 20.916450 Question 2
20.916450 28.777986 Answer 2
The first column has the start time in seconds, the second column has the end time, and the third column has the name of the label. Tab characters are used in-between. This file format can be opened by any text editor, or by a spreadsheet program.
You can export labels using the Edit Labels dialog box, or by selecting Export Labels... from the File menu. Similarly, you can import labels using the Edit Labels dialog box, or by selecting Import...Labels... from the File menu.
