View source for User:Billw58/Recording Computer Playback Linux

__NOTOC__
<div class="intro">On Linux there are in general two different sound systems that provide drivers to your sound device, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sound_System OSS] and the more recent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture ALSA]. Additionally, advanced sound servers such as [http://pulseaudio.org/ PulseAudio] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JACK_Audio_Connection_Kit JACK] can use ALSA to provide professional audio features such as routing of inputs and outputs, high quality mixing and resampling, aggregation of devices or sound cards and (in the case of JACK) very low [http://manual.audacityteam.org/man/Glossary#latency latencies].  
</div>
==Use a loopback cable==
This is a simple and effective method of recording what is playing on the computer. It has the disadvantage that the audio signal is converted from digital to analog, then from analog to digital, instead of staying in the digital domain. This may result in some slight increase in noise and distortion.

Plug your line-out or headphones-out to the line-in using a cable with a stereo mini-plug at each end, then record from line-in. To hear the sound while recording, use a single to double stereo connector to give you a jack for the speakers or headphones.

If you have only mic-in and no line-in is selectable through alsamixer, you can build an [http://www.epanorama.net/circuits/line_to_mic.html attenuator] to reduce the line level output to a level suitable for mic-in. But probably this will only provide mono recording, because mic-in is mono in most cases. As well, the quality may be questionable.

==ALSA==
===Alsamixer===

To record computer playback into Audacity, you can use the ''alsamixer'' mixer device to select the "capture" device of your sound card and adjust its input volume. This will record all audio playing through the sound card, including system sounds and possibly sounds from applications other than the one you want to record. To capture sound directly from the application producing it, try using the [[#alsa_pcm|ALSA PCM file]] or (on many Linux distributions) try [[#pulse|PulseAudio]]. 

Alsamixer should be already installed. Alsamixer is a command line tool, but with "view" options to represent the sound device graphically.  

To start alsamixer, open a shell/terminal and start the program by typing ''alsamixer''. There are three different views: Playback (default), Capture and All. This is the '''Playback''' view, which you can get to at any time by pressing <span class="key">TAB</span> or <span class="key">F3</span>
:[[Image:Alsamixer_main.png|Alsamixer Playback view]]

Top left you should see some information about your sound card. Below are volume bars for adjusting the output volume for each named device: examples are Master, PCM, Line, CD and so on. The currently selected item appears in red and the volume percentages are displayed for left and right channels above the device name. For a mono device, only one value is shown.

You can scroll between devices using the left/right arrow keys. Use up/down arrow keys to adjust the volume. Press the <span class="key">M</span> key to mute/unmute the device. When a device is turned off, M (mute) appears below the volume bar. When it's turned on, O in green appears instead. 

Now press the <span class="key">TAB</span> key or <span class="key">F4</span> to switch to '''Capture''' view. This is preferable to switching to All view with <span class="key">Enter</span>, because All may not show all of the capture devices for your card.  
:[[Image:Alsamixer_capture.png|Alsamixer Capture view]]

Select the device called Capture with the spacebar. The red CAPTUR flag should appear underneath the Capture bar to indicate that capture is turned on for that device, and L and R letters will indicate that left and right channels are turned on. Devices whose capture is turned off are shown by ------.  Now, also select the "Mix" device (this might sometimes be called "Master"). 

<div class="editornote">'''Bill 07May11:''' At this point we're getting into stuff that should be in [[User:Billw58/Audacity_Setup|Setting up Audacity to record from your chosen input]]. Is this different enough from the generic instructions on that page that we should leave it here? Also, we may want to rewrite this to emphasize using the Device Toolbar.
'''Gale:''' Also for this and recording computer playback on Windows I guess we have to consider what is happening to the Wiki pages. I was envisaging they would not be replaced and would have more detail / mention more esoteric methods than the Manual (possibly to the extent of having an "image for every step" which is what Windows novices possibly need).   
</div>
Launch Audacity and open the preferences using <span class="key">CTRL + P</span> or navigate to it by clicking <span class="menu">Edit > Preferences</span> then click on the [[Devices Preferences|Devices]] tab. Select '''Alsa: default''' as playback device and '''Alsa:<Vendor ID>:<Vendor ID> (hw:0,0)''' as recording device ("0" represents the default sound card). Click OK to exit Preferences, then press the red Record button or the <span class="key">R</span> shortcut to start recording the audio playing on the computer. If the audio is too soft or too loud so it distorts, you will need to check both the output levels in the Playback view of alsamixer, and adjust the recording level in Audacity (or do so in the Capture view of alsamixer).  

<div id="alsa_pcm"></div> 
===Using the ALSA PCM file===
It is not necessary to use Audacity to record sounds playing on the computer. You can capture the sound from the application producing it before it reaches the sound device, which avoids capturing unwanted system sounds. This solution can be used even if there is no sound device. '''Note:''' this solution may not work on a system using [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseAudio PulseAudio] but you can use [[#pulse|PulseAudio Volume Control]] instead.     

First you need to create (or edit if it exists) ~/.asoundrc file. Do it with your favorite plain text editor. '''Note:''' ~ is your home directory so change that to /home/john or whatever if you are not working in a Linux shell.

<pre><nowiki>pcm.teeraw {
   type empty
   slave.pcm "tee:default,'/tmp/out.raw',raw"
   # 48000 S16_LE 2ch (aplay -t raw -f dat)
}</nowiki></pre>

Now tell the application you are trying to record from to use the "teeraw" ALSA device for playback - read the application's manual for help. Although there is no interface to do this for Adobe Flash, it can be achieved by setting the ''FLASH_ALSA_DEVICE'' environment variable to the name of the sound device to use, e.g.

<pre>FLASH_ALSA_DEVICE=teeraw firefox</pre>

Thanks to [http://www.wensley.org.uk/divert wensley.org] for this tip. 

Run the application. Stop the application. Now /tmp/out.raw should contain your sound with perfect quality. If you change "default" to "null" in the above text, you will not hear anything but sound will still go to the file. If for some reason "empty" is not liked by your ALSA library, then try with "copy".

If you want to record all sounds played through the computer, you'll need to set the teeraw device as your default device with something like:

<pre><nowiki>pcm.!default{
   type empty
   slave.pcm "teeraw"
}</nowiki></pre>

In this case though, you will need to change <nowiki>"tee:default,'/tmp/out.raw',raw" to "tee:null,'/tmp/out.raw',raw"</nowiki> or something else because otherwise you create a loop. In many cases changing "null" to "dmix" should do the trick - you record any application audio still you hear it through your speakers. Note that you'll pick up random sounds from other applications such as system "dings", and the raw file could get corrupted or overwritten. So unless your alsa lib allows you a setup like below, you must absolutely make sure, only the desired application is producing sound while you are recording this way.

With newer ALSA versions you can try these parameters for convenience (also you can adapt to use a different encoder than lame):

<pre><nowiki>pcm.teewav {
   type copy
   slave.pcm "tee:default,'/tmp/out.raw',wav"
}
pcm.teemp3 {
    type file
    format "raw"
    slave.pcm "default"
    file '|/usr/local/bin/lame -S -r -s %r --bitwidth %b -m j - /tmp/asound-$$.mp3'
}</nowiki></pre>

<div id="pulse"></div> 
== PulseAudio == 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseAudio PulseAudio] is a sound server providing professional audio features such as mixing and input/output routing. It is the default audio device on many Linux distributions like [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu] or [http://www.debian.org/ Debian]. PulseAudio operates as a plug-in to ALSA-lib or provides the ''padsp'' utility to reroute audio from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sound_System OSS] applications through PulseAudio. 

Sometimes PulseAudio can expose a sound card's "Stereo Mix" or "What U Hear" device for recording computer playback which would not otherwise be available when running on Linux. 

Installing the optional PulseAudio Device Chooser and PulseAudio Volume Control lets you connect applications like Audacity to record directly from playback applications like [http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/firefox.html Firefox] or [http://projects.gnome.org/rhythmbox/ Rhythmbox]. This avoids recording possibly unwanted system sounds. For details of how to configure Audacity to use PulseAudio Volume Control, see [http://wiki.audacityteam.org/wiki/Stereo_mix_with_Ubuntu_10 Stereo Mix wiht Ubuntu 10] on the Audacity wiki (the principles stated there apply to most Linux distributions where PulseAudio can be used). 
 
==JACK==

==OSS==

==Next Step==

[[User:Billw58/Audacity_Setup|Setting up Audacity to record from your chosen input]]